生活型

herb

形態特徵

• Annuals. Stems densely uncinate.
• Leaves sessile to subpetiolate; blade ovate, 5-7.5 by 3-4 cm, apex acute, base obtuse to truncate, upper surface puberulous, uncinate, lower surface uncinate; sheath with red stripes, densely uncinate, margins pilose.
• Flowering shoots 1-5, branched from the axils, upper cincinnus with 1 male flower; lower cincinnus with 1-3 bisexual flowers; some flowering shoots branched from the prostrate stems, with a single cleistogamous flower enveloped by a bract; spathes infundibuliform, dimorphic: in cleistogamous flowers the bract smaller, obtriangular, 3-5 mm long, uncinate; in chasmogamous flowers the bract larger, obliquely obtriangular, 1.3-1.9 cm long, uncinate; peduncles 0.3-1 cm long; pedicels 1-2 mm long. Flowers dimorphic: pistil usually lacking or vestigial in staminate flowers; pistil ca. 6.5 mm long in bisexual flowers; sepals 3, elliptic, concave, unequal, anticous two basally fused, ellipsoid, margins sometimes blue, petaloid, 2-3 by ca. 1.4 mm, glabrous; posticous one lanceolate, ca. 2 by 1.2 mm; petals 3, unequal: lateral petals 2, blue or indigo, planar, clawed, limb broadly rounded-ovate, 4 by 4-5 mm, apex obtuse, base cuneate to cordate, claw ca. 2 mm long; medial petal white or blue, ca. 3 by 1.8 mm; fertile stamens 3, anticous, unequal.
• Capsules trilocular, 2-valved, brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, 4-5 by 2-3.5 mm, ventral locule 2-seeded, dehiscent, dorsal locule 1-seeded, usually indehiscent, glabrous. Seeds dimorphic: one brown, ellipsoid, 2.8-3.5 by 1.9-2.2 mm, two black, deltoid, 1.5-2.2 by 1.5-1.8 mm, reticulate.

分布

• 台灣 : semidhaded places, cultivated land, wasteland, forest edges and seashores at low elevations.
• 世界 : Widely distributed in America, Africa, India, southeastern Asia, southern China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, and the Pacific islands.

引證標本

KEELUNG: Sasaki s. n. 17 Sep 1907; TAIPEI: Chihshanyen, Shimada s. n. 21 Jun 1914; Sozan, Sasaki & Kanehira s. n. Sep 1922. TAOYUAN: Kanting, Kawakami & Nakahara 4351. HSINCHU: Nankang, near Hsiangshan, Chen et al. 898. MIAOLI: Shihtan, Peng et al. 13931; Tonghsiao, Peng 5450. YUNLIN: Ssuhu, Tang 707. CHIAYI: Tapu Hsiang: Tsengwen Dam, Chen et al. 810. KAOHSIUNG: Linyuan Hsiang, Chen & Lin 426. PINGTUNG: Lilungshan, Chen & Hong 379; Kenting, Peng 7118; Santimen, Peng 6887. ILAN: Chuan, Chen & Wang 875. HUALIEN: Hungyeh Hot Spring, Peng & Chen 11633. TAITUNG: Kashoto, Sasaki s. n. 3 Jan 1929; Liyushan, Peng & Chen 10629; Tu-Fan Villa, Wang & Yang 8939. PENGHU: Makung: Sokang, Peng et al. 12746.

參考文獻

• WANG, Jenn-Che, CHEN, Yo-Jiun, and PENG, Ching-I, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 158. 2000.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)